📊Cómo leer un balance general — paso a paso
Cómo leer un balance general
El balance general es uno de los tres estados financieros clave (junto con el estado de resultados y el estado de flujo de efectivo). Muestra lo que la empresa posee, debe y el patrimonio neto restante.
La ecuación fundamental
Activos = Pasivos + Patrimonio neto
Siempre debe estar equilibrada.
3 secciones principales
1. Activos — lo que la empresa posee
- Activos corrientes: efectivo, cuentas por cobrar, inventario (<12 meses)
- Activos a largo plazo: edificios, equipos, software, plusvalía mercantil (>12 meses)
2. Pasivos — lo que la empresa debe
- Corrientes: cuentas por pagar, salarios, impuestos (<12 meses)
- A largo plazo: préstamos bancarios, bonos (>12 meses)
3. Patrimonio neto — lo que queda para los accionistas
= Activos − PasivosMétricas clave
- Razón corriente = Activos corrientes / Pasivos corrientes. >1.5 = liquidez saludable.
- Deuda sobre patrimonio = Pasivos totales / Patrimonio neto. <1.0 = bajo apalancamiento.
- ROE = Utilidad neta / Patrimonio neto × 100. >15% = uso eficiente del capital.
Dónde encontrar esto en QMA
El pilar EQS de QMA integra la calidad del balance general, incluyendo el ratio de devengo de Sloan y la calidad del flujo de efectivo. Disponible en cada página de detalle de acción, bajo la sección de Calidad.
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Create a free accountContent created by AI in collaboration with Jaroslav Vojtášek. Not investment advice. The author may hold the stocks mentioned. Investing involves risk of loss.
Operator: Jaroslav Vojtášek, Company ID (IČO) 48783447.